勞(lao)動合(he)同中(zhong)應當明確的主要內容

一、勞動合(he)同(tong)的試用期限

(一)法定試用期限

我國《勞動法》以及《勞動合同法》規定，勞務公司與(yu)勞動者之(zhi)間可以在勞動合同中協商一致(zhi)確定試用期期限，但不(bu)得超過(guo)法律規(gui)(gui)定的(de)六個月最高上限。根據勞動合同期限的(de)長短，《勞動合同法》對試用期限作了(le)不(bu)同的(de)規(gui)(gui)定：

1.勞動合同期(qi)限在三(san)(san)個月(yue)以上(含三(san)(san)個月(yue))不(bu)滿一(yi)年的，試用(yong)期(qi)不(bu)得超過一(yi)個月(yue);2.勞動合同期(qi)限在一(yi)年以上(含一(yi)年)不(bu)滿三(san)(san)年的，試用(yong)期(qi)不(bu)得超過二個月(yue);

3.勞動(dong)合同(tong)期(qi)限(xian)(xian)在(zai)三(san)年(nian)以上(shang)(含三(san)年(nian))的(de)固定期(qi)限(xian)(xian)勞動(dong)合同(tong)和無固定期(qi)限(xian)(xian)勞動(dong)合同(tong)，試用期(qi)不得超過(guo)六個月：

4.期(qi)限不(bu)滿三個(ge)月的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)合同和以完成一(yi)定(ding)工作任務為期(qi)限的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)合同，均不(bu)得(de)約定(ding)試用(yong)期(qi);

5.同一用(yong)人(ren)單位與(yu)同一勞(lao)動(dong)者之間只能約(yue)定一次(ci)試用(yong)期(qi)，即(ji)使工作(zuo)崗(gang)位或(huo)者工種(zhong)發(fa)生變化，或(huo)者勞(lao)動(dong)者離職或(huo)者重新人(ren)職，都不(bu)得再次(ci)約(yue)定試用(yong)期(qi)。

(二)試用期的確定以及調整

根據《勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)法》的(de)(de)規定，用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)自用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)之(zhi)日起(qi)(qi)即(ji)與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)建立(li)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)系。試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)包(bao)含(han)在勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)限(xian)內(nei)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)僅約定試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)的(de)(de)，試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)不成立(li)，該(gai)期(qi)限(xian)為勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)限(xian)。顯(xian)而易見，用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)間約定了試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)后，即(ji)使(shi)沒(mei)有(you)簽訂(ding)書面(mian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，也應當(dang)形成勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)系。如果(guo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)自用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)之(zhi)日起(qi)(qi)超過一(yi)(yi)個月不滿一(yi)(yi)年(nian)未與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)訂(ding)立(li)書面(mian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)，應當(dang)向勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)每月支付二倍的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)資。如果(guo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)自用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)之(zhi)日起(qi)(qi)滿一(yi)(yi)年(nian)不與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)訂(ding)立(li)書面(mian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)，視(shi)為用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)已訂(ding)立(li)無固定期(qi)限(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。

試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)可以在(zai)法定(ding)最(zui)高期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)內(nei)適當調整。對(dui)于(yu)試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)延(yan)長或(huo)(huo)縮短(duan)(duan)，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)同條(tiao)款的(de)變更，因(yin)此必(bi)須(xu)經過雙方(fang)(fang)協商一致。實(shi)踐中，勞(lao)動(dong)者對(dui)于(yu)“提(ti)前(qian)轉正”都(dou)會(hui)欣然接受(shou)。常(chang)見的(de)問題是(shi)(shi)，用人(ren)單位在(zai)試(shi)用一段時間后，發現原來(lai)約(yue)定(ding)的(de)試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)太(tai)短(duan)(duan)，尚無法確定(ding)勞(lao)動(dong)者是(shi)(shi)否符合(he)錄用條(tiao)件(jian)，于(yu)是(shi)(shi)單方(fang)(fang)擅自或(huo)(huo)口頭與勞(lao)動(dong)者達成延(yan)長試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)約(yue)定(ding)。這(zhe)種做法一般(ban)都(dou)認(ren)定(ding)為無效(xiao)。如果需要延(yan)長試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)，必(bi)須(xu)經用人(ren)單位與勞(lao)動(dong)者協商一致，延(yan)長后的(de)試(shi)用總期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)不得超過法律規定(ding)的(de)上限(xian)，并且必(bi)須(xu)在(zai)雙方(fang)(fang)約(yue)定(ding)的(de)試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)屆滿(man)之前(qian)作出。未經雙方(fang)(fang)協商一致，任何一方(fang)(fang)都(dou)無權自行延(yan)長或(huo)(huo)者縮短(duan)(duan)試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)(qi)。

(三)試用期間的工資報酬

根據《勞(lao)(lao)動合同(tong)法》規(gui)定(ding)，勞(lao)(lao)動者在(zai)試用(yong)期(qi)的(de)工(gong)資(zi)不低(di)于本單(dan)位相同(tong)崗位最低(di)檔(dang)工(gong)資(zi)或勞(lao)(lao)動合同(tong)約定(ding)工(gong)資(zi)的(de)百分之八十，并不得低(di)于用(yong)人單(dan)位所(suo)在(zai)地(di)的(de)最低(di)工(gong)資(zi)標準。

《勞(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)法》規定(ding)(ding)了“兩(liang)個不低于”原則：首先是不得低于用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)所在地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)低工(gong)(gong)資(zi)標準，這是試用(yong)期工(gong)(gong)資(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)低線;其(qi)次是不低于本單(dan)位(wei)(wei)相同(tong)(tong)崗位(wei)(wei)最(zui)低檔(dang)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)或者勞(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)約定(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百分之(zhi)八十(shi)。如果本單(dan)位(wei)(wei)相同(tong)(tong)崗位(wei)(wei)最(zui)低檔(dang)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)或者勞(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)約定(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百分之(zhi)八十(shi)高(gao)于用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)所在地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)低工(gong)(gong)資(zi)標準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，則二者取(qu)其(qi)高(gao)。

實踐(jian)中，會出現用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位的(de)住所(suo)地(營業執(zhi)照注冊地)與實際(ji)經營地或者(zhe)勞(lao)動(dong)合同履行(xing)地不(bu)一(yi)致(zhi)的(de)情況。根據《勞(lao)動(dong)合同法實施條例》的(de)規定，如果用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位住所(suo)地的(de)最低工資標(biao)(biao)(biao)準高于勞(lao)動(dong)合同履行(xing)地的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準，且用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位與勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)約定按照用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位住所(suo)地的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準來(lai)執(zhi)行(xing)的(de)，則按照用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位住所(suo)地的(de)最低工資標(biao)(biao)(biao)準執(zhi)行(xing)。