在(zai)目前(qian)的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑市場上，建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)總承包(bao)(bao)單位對所承包(bao)(bao)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進行必要(yao)的(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)分包(bao)(bao)和勞(lao)務作(zuo)業(ye)分包(bao)(bao)已(yi)成為建(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)發(fa)展的(de)必然趨勢;隨著勞(lao)務作(zuo)業(ye)分包(bao)(bao)這種用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)形式的(de)大(da)量增加，勞(lao)務糾(jiu)(jiu)紛(fen)(fen)(fen)以及與其有關(guan)的(de)其他糾(jiu)(jiu)紛(fen)(fen)(fen)逐漸增多(duo)。這些糾(jiu)(jiu)紛(fen)(fen)(fen)根據法律(lv)關(guan)系的(de)性質不同主要(yao)分為建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)勞(lao)務分包(bao)(bao)合同糾(jiu)(jiu)紛(fen)(fen)(fen)和建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)勞(lao)務分包(bao)(bao)引(yin)起的(de)勞(lao)動爭議糾(jiu)(jiu)紛(fen)(fen)(fen)，其中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)勞(lao)務分包(bao)(bao)合同糾(jiu)(jiu)紛(fen)(fen)(fen)為數(shu)最多(duo)。

　　勞務(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)包合(he)同(tong)糾紛主要分(fen)(fen)(fen)為兩大(da)類，一類系(xi)與勞務(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)包合(he)同(tong)效力有關的糾紛，另一類為勞務(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)包合(he)同(tong)違約糾紛;對(dui)于必須進行招(zhao)標的勞務(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)包工(gong)程，還會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)勞務(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)包黑(hei)白合(he)同(tong)糾紛。

　　勞務分包合同效力糾紛是指合同雙方當事人就建筑勞務分包合同法律效力的有無發生的爭議，一般合同一方主張勞務分包合同合法有效，對雙方當事人具有法律拘束力，合同另一主張合同無效，合同條款對合同雙方沒有法律拘束力。

　　任何一種合(he)同均可(ke)能存(cun)在效力之(zhi)爭，勞(lao)務分包合(he)同也不例外，甚至該類糾紛已經是(shi)勞(lao)務糾紛中的一大(da)類.這是(shi)因為在工程(cheng)實踐(jian)中，不合(he)法、不規(gui)范的勞(lao)務分包情況大(da)最存(cun)在。

　　例如，在工(gong)程實(shi)踐中，施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)位(wei)將建(jian)設工(gong)程勞(lao)務作業(ye)(ye)分(fen)包給自然人的(de)悄況廣(guang)泛存在。但是《建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)資(zi)質(zhi)管(guan)理規(gui)定》和(he)《房屋建(jian)筑(zhu)和(he)市政基礎設施(shi)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)分(fen)包管(guan)理辦法》均(jun)明確規(gui)定，勞(lao)務分(fen)包合(he)同的(de)雙方當事(shi)人均(jun)應當具(ju)備(bei)相關(guan)資(zi)質(zhi)要求，特別(bie)是勞(lao)務作業(ye)(ye)承(cheng)包人應具(ju)備(bei)相關(guan)作業(ye)(ye)種類的(de)勞(lao)務承(cheng)包資(zi)質(zhi)。從合(he)同性質(zhi)上說，通(tong)常(chang)認為勞(lao)務分(fen)包合(he)同屬(shu)于

　　《合(he)同法》規定(ding)的(de)“建設(she)(she)工(gong)程(cheng)合(he)同”范(fan)圍，系“建設(she)(she)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)合(he)同”的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)，所以勞務分包(bao)合(he)同應適用(yong)《最高人民法院關于審(shen)理建設(she)(she)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)合(he)同糾紛案(an)件適用(yong)法律問(wen)題的(de)解(jie)釋》(以下簡稱嘆司(si)法解(jie)釋》勺.《司(si)法解(jie)釋，第(di)一(yi)條(tiao)規定(ding):建設(she)(she)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)合(he)同具有(you)(you)下列情(qing)形之(zhi)一(yi)的(de)，應當根據《合(he)同法》第(di)五(wu)十二(er)條(tiao)第(di)(五(wu))項的(de)規定(ding)，認定(ding)無效:(一(yi))承包(bao)人未取得(de)建筑施(shi)工(gong)企業資(zi)質或者超越資(zi)質等級的(de);(二(er))沒有(you)(you)資(zi)質的(de)實(shi)際施(shi)工(gong)人借用(yong)有(you)(you)資(zi)質的(de)建

　　筑施(shi)工企(qi)業名義的;(三)建設工程必須進行招標而未(wei)招標或者中(zhong)標無效的。由于自然(ran)人不(bu)具有勞務作業承(cheng)包資質，所以，施(shi)工單位和(he)自然(ran)人之間簽訂的建設工程勞務分包合同(tong)無效。此(ci)類無效勞務分包合同(tong)非常常見。

　　【案(an)例一】2008年5月，寧波(bo)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設集(ji)團(tuan)有(you)限公司(si)(以(yi)下簡稱“交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)集(ji)團(tuan)公司(si)")承建(jian)(jian)了(le)翰大(da)高速公路兒(er)5標段工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，并為(wei)此成(cheng)立被告項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)。同年9月，自(zi)然(ran)人(ren)陳(chen)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)與(yu)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)集(ji)團(tuan)公司(si)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)口頭協商由陳(chen)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)承建(jian)(jian)該工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中新屋高架(jia)(jia)橋(qiao)、何樹清高架(jia)(jia)橋(qiao)的下部(bu)(bu)結(jie)構.2009年4月，陳(chen)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)與(yu)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)集(ji)團(tuan)公司(si)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)補簽了(le)一份書(shu)面《橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)包協議(yi)，，協議(yi)約(yue)定，陳(chen)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)提(ti)供(gong)電焊機等工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具及(ji)有(you)關施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員.交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)集(ji)團(tuan)公司(si)提(ti)供(gong)鋼(gang)筋等材(cai)料;結(jie)算時，以(yi)設計盆(pen)為(wei)依據，完成(cheng)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)最(zui)必須(xu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)過監理(li)(li)(li)業主認可;陳(chen)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)完成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作盆(pen)后(hou)，交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)集(ji)團(tuan)公司(si)按實際完成(cheng)款額支(zhi)付，但(dan)泉計支(zhi)付不得超過95%，余下的5%作為(wei)保(bao)證金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)待竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收(shou)且無質量責任后(hou)進行支(zhi)付.2009年7月26日，陳(chen)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)所(suo)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)已交(jiao)(jiao)付交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)集(ji)團(tuan)公司(si)使(shi)用。但(dan)雙方(fang)未辦理(li)(li)(li)有(you)關竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收(shou)手續。之后(hou)合(he)(he)同雙方(fang)因(yin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)款支(zhi)付發生爭議(yi)訴(su)至(zhi)人(ren)民法院。終審法院認為(wei):陳(chen)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)與(yu)寧波(bo)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設集(ji)團(tuan)有(you)限公司(si)抽大(da)高速公路項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)簽訂的《橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)包協議(yi)》，為(wei)勞(lao)務分(fen)包合(he)(he)同，其性質屬于建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)同。

　　中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民(min)共(gong)和(he)國建設(she)部頒(ban)布的(de)《建筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)質管理規(gui)定(ding)(ding)》第(di)五(wu)條(tiao)(tiao)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，建筑(zhu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)質分(fen)(fen)為施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)總承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、專業(ye)(ye)(ye)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)分(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)三個序列。最高(gao)人(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院《關于(yu)審理建設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)同(tong)糾紛案件(jian)(jian)適(shi)用法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)的(de)解釋(shi)》第(di)七條(tiao)(tiao)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，具有勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)法(fa)(fa)定(ding)(ding)資(zi)(zi)質的(de)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)與總承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)、分(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)簽訂(ding)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)分(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)合(he)(he)同(tong)，當事人(ren)以轉(zhuan)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)建設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)違反法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)為由(you)請求確認(ren)合(he)(he)同(tong)無效的(de)，不(bu)(bu)予支持。因(yin)勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)陳(chen)金文未取得(de)建筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)質，其屬個人(ren)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)而不(bu)(bu)是企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，其不(bu)(bu)具有勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)法(fa)(fa)定(ding)(ding)資(zi)(zi)質，故依(yi)照《中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民(min)共(gong)和(he)國合(he)(he)同(tong)法(fa)(fa)》第(di)五(wu)十二(er)條(tiao)(tiao)第(di)(五(wu))項及(ji)最高(gao)人(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院《關于(yu)審理建設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)同(tong)糾紛案件(jian)(jian)適(shi)用法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)的(de)解釋(shi)》第(di)一條(tiao)(tiao)第(di)一款第(di)(一)項之規(gui)定(ding)(ding).雙(shuang)方(fang)所簽訂(ding)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)分(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)合(he)(he)同(tong)無效。