發布日期:2020-03-22 01:06:42 瀏(liu)覽次數:1637
建(jian)筑(zhu)勞(lao)務(wu)企(qi)業開(kai)復工(gong)(gong)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)主(zhu)要受其上游建(jian)筑(zhu)業企(qi)業項目開(kai)工(gong)(gong)影響。此(ci)次新型(xing)肺炎(yan)疫(yi)情(qing)(qing)期間(jian),為堅決防(fang)止疫(yi)情(qing)(qing)擴散(san),國務(wu)院和各地政府陸(lu)續出臺延長春節(jie)假期、延遲(chi)企(qi)業復工(gong)(gong)、人員(yuan)流動管控和交通管制等措(cuo)施,多地區建(jian)筑(zhu)業企(qi)業推遲(chi)開(kai)復工(gong)(gong),導致建(jian)筑(zhu)勞(lao)務(wu)企(qi)業亦處于大(da)面積停工(gong)(gong)狀(zhuang)態。
為深入了解當(dang)前新(xin)冠肺炎(yan)疫情防(fang)控對建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)勞(lao)務(wu)企(qi)業(ye)產生的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang),收(shou)集企(qi)業(ye)在開復工方(fang)面(mian)(mian)存在的(de)(de)困難及(ji)政策(ce)需求(qiu),2020年2月28日(ri)(ri),中國建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)協會(hui)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)供應鏈與勞(lao)務(wu)管理分會(hui)面(mian)(mian)向建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)勞(lao)務(wu)企(qi)業(ye)開展了關于(yu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)勞(lao)務(wu)企(qi)業(ye)開復工情況的(de)(de)調查(cha),調查(cha)方(fang)式分為問卷(juan)調查(cha)、個案(an)調查(cha)、資料分析三種。截至2020年3月5日(ri)(ri)00:00共(gong)回收(shou)有效問卷(juan)132份(fen),其中參與調查(cha)的(de)(de)央企(qi)有10家(jia)、國企(qi)23家(jia)、民(min)營企(qi)業(ye)99家(jia),涵蓋山西、河南、湖北、山東、福建(jian)、浙(zhe)江、江蘇等多個地區。
2020年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue),新型(xing)冠狀(zhuang)病毒感染引發(fa)的(de)肺(fei)炎疫情席卷大地(di)(di)(di)。此期間(jian)正(zheng)值(zhi)春(chun)節(jie)(jie)假(jia)(jia)期,鑒于新型(xing)冠狀(zhuang)病毒的(de)高傳染性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),國務(wu)院和部(bu)分地(di)(di)(di)方政府發(fa)文要求延(yan)長春(chun)節(jie)(jie)假(jia)(jia)期,延(yan)緩企業復工(gong)和學(xue)校開(kai)學(xue),防止因人(ren)口流動(dong)和人(ren)口聚集引發(fa)疾病傳染。部(bu)分地(di)(di)(di)區政府部(bu)門(men)直接發(fa)文規定(ding)建(jian)設項目不(bu)(bu)得(de)在2020年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue)9日(ri)(ri)24時前復工(gong)或新開(kai)工(gong),也有(you)很(hen)多地(di)(di)(di)方政府主(zhu)管部(bu)門(men)規定(ding)復工(gong)時間(jian)另行(xing)(xing)通知。事實上(shang),由(you)(you)于建(jian)筑業行(xing)(xing)業特殊(shu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),春(chun)節(jie)(jie)前夕(xi)至元宵節(jie)(jie)(2月(yue)(yue)9日(ri)(ri))期間(jian)多為正(zheng)常假(jia)(jia)期時間(jian),故在此期間(jian)對行(xing)(xing)業開(kai)復工(gong)情況(kuang)影(ying)響不(bu)(bu)大。但至2月(yue)(yue)9日(ri)(ri)之(zhi)后(hou),由(you)(you)于感染新型(xing)冠狀(zhuang)病毒傳染方式(shi)的(de)復雜性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)多變性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),再加上(shang)建(jian)筑業為勞動(dong)密集型(xing)行(xing)(xing)業,一旦受感染影(ying)響較為嚴重,故自當前開(kai)復工(gong)情況(kuang)仍(reng)然不(bu)(bu)佳。
(一)復(fu)工情況
2月23日(ri),習近平主(zhu)席(xi)在統籌推進新(xin)冠(guan)肺炎疫情防(fang)控和(he)經濟社會發展工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)部署會議上(shang)發表(biao)重(zhong)要(yao)講話,指出要(yao)加強(qiang)疫情防(fang)控重(zhong)點(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),也要(yao)落(luo)實分區分級精準(zhun)復(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)復(fu)產,各地需(xu)打通人流(liu)(liu)、物(wu)流(liu)(liu)堵點(dian),推動企業(ye)復(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)復(fu)產。2月26日(ri),住房(fang)(fang)和(he)城鄉建設(she)(she)部發布(bu)《關于加強(qiang)新(xin)冠(guan)肺炎疫情防(fang)控有(you)序推動企業(ye)開(kai)復(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)通知》,加強(qiang)房(fang)(fang)屋建筑(zhu)和(he)市政基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)程領域疫情防(fang)控,有(you)序推動企業(ye)開(kai)復(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。
受政策(ce)影響,建(jian)筑(zhu)勞務企(qi)業開復(fu)工已(yi)成定勢。從接受問卷(juan)調(diao)查的情況來(lai)看,當前建(jian)筑(zhu)勞務企(qi)業已(yi)經(jing)復(fu)工和正準備復(fu)工的占(zhan)比高達80.31%,其中已(yi)經(jing)復(fu)工企(qi)業38家,正準備復(fu)工企(qi)業68家,仍然還(huan)有18.94%的企(qi)業處于觀望狀(zhuang)態(tai)。
建(jian)筑勞務企業復工情(qing)況
分企業類型(xing)看(kan),央(yang)企、國企、民營企業均(jun)已(yi)開始復工。
新冠疫(yi)情對建(jian)筑(zhu)勞務企業開復工影響調查報告
不同類型(xing)勞務企(qi)業復(fu)工情況
其中,央企已經復工高達70%,國企和民(min)營企業多處于正在準備(bei)復工的狀態。
(二(er))復工方式(shi)
為控制疫情,多地出臺嚴格的(de)人口流動(dong)管(guan)制。受管(guan)制政策的(de)影響,很多建筑工(gong)人被滯留在老家(jia),難以返(fan)回(hui)工(gong)作城市。
新冠(guan)疫(yi)情(qing)對建筑勞務企業開復工影響調查報告(gao)
建(jian)筑勞務企業復工方式
從(cong)(cong)接受問卷調(diao)查的情況來看,復(fu)工方式(shi)主要(yao)(yao)有兩種:個(ge)人(ren)自主到崗、政府(fu)或企業(ye)集中組織(zhi)到崗。其中,企業(ye)和政府(fu)集中組織(zhi)到崗是主要(yao)(yao)方式(shi),占比為56.06%。以浙江(jiang)省(sheng)為例,為了(le)讓(rang)外地勞務(wu)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)、有序復(fu)工,杭(hang)州、寧波、嘉善、義烏等地政府(fu)部(bu)門直接上(shang)(shang)門接員(yuan)(yuan)工回“家”,從(cong)(cong)報車票、免食(shi)宿、到包巴士(shi)、包高鐵,再(zai)升(sheng)級到包飛機等“包郵式(shi)”求才措施,已(yi)組織(zhi)一批(pi)勞務(wu)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)復(fu)工。再(zai)如中建(jian)八局派專(zhuan)車“護送”,讓(rang)建(jian)筑工人(ren)安(an)全(quan)返崗。2月19日,6輛濟(ji)南市(shi)首批(pi)省(sheng)外農民工返濟(ji)專(zhuan)車從(cong)(cong)中建(jian)八局一公司駛(shi)出,分別前(qian)往江(jiang)蘇淮安(an)市(shi),河南濮陽市(shi)、周口市(shi)等地,“點對點”接近(jin)200名工人(ren)返回濟(ji)南投(tou)入生產。除(chu)此(ci)外,上(shang)(shang)海(hai)、四川、江(jiang)蘇、安(an)徽、河南等地區,中建(jian)八局“定(ding)制(zhi)”的專(zhuan)車也一批(pi)一批(pi)載著工友們從(cong)(cong)五湖(hu)四海(hai)奔(ben)赴項目,“護送”他們安(an)全(quan)返崗,全(quan)力推(tui)動有序復(fu)工。
新(xin)冠疫(yi)情對建筑勞務(wu)企業(ye)開復工影響(xiang)調查報告
建筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)是一(yi)個特(te)殊(shu)行業(ye)(ye)(ye),建筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)作業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)員(yuan)仍然主要(yao)是建筑(zhu)工人(ren),需求量大,且由于人(ren)員(yuan)流動性大、作業(ye)(ye)(ye)隊伍(wu)不穩定(ding)導(dao)致組織(zhi)困(kun)難。受疫情影響,建筑(zhu)勞務企業(ye)(ye)(ye)復(fu)工面臨的(de)困(kun)難主要(yao)集(ji)中在(zai)以下4個方面。
一是(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)到(dao)崗困難(nan)。為(wei)了(le)控制疫(yi)情(qing),很多(duo)地方出臺了(le)嚴格的人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口流動管(guan)制,受管(guan)制政(zheng)策的影響,很多(duo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)被(bei)滯留在(zai)(zai)老家(jia),如果要(yao)(yao)返(fan)工(gong)(gong)(gong),程(cheng)序復(fu)雜(za)且交(jiao)(jiao)通困難(nan),集中組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)勢必增加大量成本;另外,按照相(xiang)關要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),即使工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)到(dao)達項目(mu)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)地,也不(bu)(bu)能立(li)即開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong),需要(yao)(yao)單(dan)獨(du)隔離(li),對于(yu)勞務企業(ye)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo),單(dan)獨(du)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)按要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)隔離(li)難(nan)度較大。二是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地防疫(yi)物(wu)資缺乏。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地作(zuo)為(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員聚(ju)集場所(suo),隨(sui)著人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員的相(xiang)繼返(fan)工(gong)(gong)(gong),疫(yi)情(qing)防控壓力不(bu)(bu)小,而(er)口罩、測(ce)溫儀、洗手(shou)液(ye)、消毒液(ye)、手(shou)套等防疫(yi)物(wu)資不(bu)(bu)足是(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)面(mian)臨最直(zhi)接最現(xian)實的問題,難(nan)以(yi)真正保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)他(ta)們的健康。三是(shi)復(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)潛(qian)在(zai)(zai)風險難(nan)控。總體(ti)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的一線工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)非常復(fu)雜(za),要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)繁(fan)多(duo),日(ri)常要(yao)(yao)召開(kai)早班(ban)會(hui)、晚班(ban)會(hui)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)序交(jiao)(jiao)接等,工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量安全(quan)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)需要(yao)(yao)各種培訓交(jiao)(jiao)底,并(bing)非簡單(dan)視頻(pin)培訓可以(yi)代替。而(er)在(zai)(zai)此過程(cheng)中,只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)有一人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)被(bei)感染,就會(hui)出現(xian)全(quan)部隔離(li)的尷尬境地。四是(shi)疫(yi)情(qing)影響持續時長。目(mu)前(qian)雖然(ran)還(huan)未全(quan)面(mian)復(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong),未來(lai)(lai)一旦(dan)疫(yi)情(qing)緩和,總包單(dan)位一聲(sheng)令(ling)下,大干快上,拼命(ming)搶(qiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期,屆時建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)勞務企業(ye)沒有任(ren)何借(jie)口,必須上人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),就會(hui)面(mian)臨工(gong)(gong)(gong)期索賠、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)大漲的不(bu)(bu)利局面(mian),“用工(gong)(gong)(gong)荒”情(qing)況將(jiang)更(geng)為(wei)嚴峻。
另外,還(huan)有企業反饋存在(zai)勞務(wu)用工價格矛盾突出、資金周轉(zhuan)及(ji)回(hui)款難、湖北(bei)籍建(jian)筑工人(ren)受(shou)排斥(chi)等情況亦需(xu)要(yao)引起重視(shi)。
建筑勞務企業復(fu)工面(mian)臨的困難
事實上(shang),在(zai)新(xin)型(xing)冠狀病毒肺(fei)炎疫(yi)情(qing)的(de)影響下(xia),為了有(you)效(xiao)防控疫(yi)情(qing),全國大(da)多數(shu)省、市、區啟(qi)動疫(yi)情(qing)一(yi)級響應,宣布推遲返城,延遲復工時間。受此影響,建筑業上(shang)下(xia)游企業均(jun)會(hui)面臨工期延誤、費用增加(jia)等問題。
根據國(guo)家統計(ji)局發(fa)布的2020年(nian)2月中國(guo)采購經理(li)指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)運行情(qing)(qing)況,非制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)商務(wu)活(huo)動(dong)指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)為29.6%,比(bi)(bi)(bi)上月下降(jiang)24.5個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian),表明受疫(yi)情(qing)(qing)沖擊,非制(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)經濟總(zong)體回(hui)(hui)落明顯(xian)。分(fen)行業(ye)(ye)看(kan),建(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)商務(wu)活(huo)動(dong)指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)為26.6%,比(bi)(bi)(bi)上月下降(jiang)33.1個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian);建(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)新訂(ding)單指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)為23.8%,比(bi)(bi)(bi)上月下降(jiang)30.0個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian);建(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)從業(ye)(ye)人(ren)員指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)為32.3%,比(bi)(bi)(bi)上月下降(jiang)23.0個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian);建(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)活(huo)動(dong)預期(qi)指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)為41.8%,比(bi)(bi)(bi)上月下降(jiang)22.6個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)。整體來說,建(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)2020年(nian)除春節(jie)影響(xiang)外,疫(yi)情(qing)(qing)也導致(zhi)相關指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)(shu)回(hui)(hui)落明顯(xian)。
而從接受問卷調查的(de)情況(kuang)來(lai)看,幾乎所(suo)有的(de)企業均受到(dao)疫(yi)情影(ying)響(xiang),其中認為受較(jiao)大及(ji)以(yi)上影(ying)響(xiang)占比高(gao)達88.63%。如(ru)何打好復工戰(zhan)役對建筑(zhu)勞(lao)務企業來(lai)說,需(xu)要各方(fang)協助共同戰(zhan)勝疫(yi)情影(ying)響(xiang)。
疫情對建筑勞務(wu)企業的(de)影(ying)響程(cheng)度
從政(zheng)(zheng)府層(ceng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)來(lai)看,需要針(zhen)對(dui)建(jian)筑勞務(wu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)所擔心(xin)的(de)問題要出臺更(geng)為細(xi)致的(de)指導(dao)(dao)(dao)意見,解(jie)決其當前(qian)和(he)(he)未來(lai)可(ke)能面(mian)(mian)(mian)臨的(de)金(jin)融、稅(shui)收、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期壓縮(suo)、成本高漲、用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)短缺等(deng)實(shi)際困難。另(ling)外,為了加強建(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場疫(yi)情(qing)(qing)防控(kong)(kong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),確(que)保(bao)疫(yi)情(qing)(qing)防控(kong)(kong)和(he)(he)安全生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)形(xing)勢穩定(ding)可(ke)控(kong)(kong),相關(guan)(guan)地方主管部門還應通過(guo)督導(dao)(dao)(dao)服務(wu)、日(ri)常監督、專項(xiang)檢查等(deng)形(xing)式,繼(ji)續加大對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)現(xian)場疫(yi)情(qing)(qing)防控(kong)(kong)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)安全生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)條件(jian)隨機抽查工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)力度(du),保(bao)障相關(guan)(guan)加強疫(yi)情(qing)(qing)防控(kong)(kong)的(de)政(zheng)(zheng)策措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)在(zai)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)、在(zai)項(xiang)目真(zhen)正落實(shi)到位。從行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)層(ceng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)來(lai)看,要充(chong)分發(fa)揮行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)協會作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用,推動行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)統(tong)(tong)籌做好疫(yi)情(qing)(qing)防控(kong)(kong)和(he)(he)復(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)復(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。例如,可(ke)以結合(he)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)特點,科學(xue)制定(ding)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)疫(yi)情(qing)(qing)防控(kong)(kong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)指南(nan),為建(jian)筑勞務(wu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)復(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)復(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)提供操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)指引,指導(dao)(dao)(dao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)提前(qian)制定(ding)疫(yi)情(qing)(qing)防控(kong)(kong)應急標準(zhun),細(xi)化(hua)復(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)復(fu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)突發(fa)事件(jian)處理措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),努力把疫(yi)情(qing)(qing)帶來(lai)的(de)影響降到最低。從企(qi)(qi)業(ye)層(ceng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)來(lai)看,要充(chong)分做好施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)準(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)和(he)(he)防疫(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)要針(zhen)對(dui)政(zheng)(zheng)府發(fa)布(bu)的(de)復(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)申請事項(xiang)逐個落實(shi),包括協調(diao)(diao)必須的(de)防疫(yi)物資(zi)等(deng),還要核實(shi)相關(guan)(guan)地區建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人到場時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)、數量,物資(zi)到場的(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)、節奏等(deng);另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)(mian),要統(tong)(tong)籌資(zi)源調(diao)(diao)配(pei),如跨地域勞動力是否可(ke)以協商(shang)按照最近原(yuan)則就近調(diao)(diao)配(pei)至其它項(xiang)目。最后(hou),從個人來(lai)看,在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)期間(jian)(jian)也(ye)要從自(zi)身做起(qi),充(chong)分做好防護,在(zai)精(jing)神上不能有一(yi)(yi)絲的(de)松懈。