一、當前建筑工程施工管理(li)工作中普遍(bian)存在的問題

 　　1、對市場形勢的預(yu)判(pan)能力較(jiao)低(di)成本分析工作(zuo)能力不足。大體表現有以下三(san)種

　　1)對市場動態了解不夠(gou)，錯誤的預判了物價水平和供求關系(xi)的走勢(shi)，導致簽訂合同時，未能合理預測實際施工時的人工和材料價格(ge)水準，導致利潤降低或(huo)虧(kui)損;

　　2)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)現場周圍的自然環境未能正確估計導致實際施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時發(fa)生未曾預見的困難造(zao)成施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率降效(xiao)或額外措施(shi)(shi)的費用(yong)，如：工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)地(di)處學區附近，對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)噪音(yin)有嚴格要求，而合同工(gong)(gong)(gong)期又(you)比較緊，為了保證合同工(gong)(gong)(gong)期且保證噪音(yin)排放夜間達(da)標，只能采(cai)用(yong)更加(jia)(jia)先進的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)機械和加(jia)(jia)大(da)白天施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)的投入，導致不可避(bi)免(mian)的產(chan)生工(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)損失和設備(bei)費用(yong)的增加(jia)(jia)，從而影響了工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的效(xiao)益;

　　3)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)特(te)點、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)要求等沒(mei)有(you)能進行正確客(ke)觀(guan)的(de)(de)分析，導致(zhi)投標(biao)時預估(gu)(gu)不足報價(jia)偏離實際(ji)(ji)需求，如：投標(biao)時忽(hu)略了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)高度(du)、跨度(du)等不同于常(chang)規工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)特(te)性，按一(yi)般工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進行報價(jia)，等到實際(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時發現困(kun)難重(zhong)重(zhong)，成(cheng)本嚴重(zhong)偏離預估(gu)(gu)成(cheng)本。綜上所述，其中一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)幾種(zhong)(zhong)因素的(de)(de)單(dan)獨或(huo)綜合發生(sheng)(sheng)影響(xiang)時，極(ji)易造成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)到中途時，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業發現工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)虧本了(le)難以為續(xu)了(le)，這時候(hou)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)就會(hui)找(zhao)各種(zhong)(zhong)理(li)由和(he)開發商互(hu)相扯(che)皮(pi)，嚴重(zhong)時直接導致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期延誤、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)停工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、質量下降等情況發生(sheng)(sheng)，進而影響(xiang)了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)、開發商和(he)企(qi)業自身(shen)的(de)(de)信譽，以致(zhi)最終沒(mei)有(you)贏(ying)家的(de)(de)局(ju)面發生(sheng)(sheng);

　　2、環境保(bao)護(hu)意識不到位跟不上社會的(de)(de)發展要求造成(cheng)經(jing)濟及(ji)形(xing)象(xiang)損(sun)失。目前世(shi)界的(de)(de)主旋律都是(shi)：“綠(lv)色、環保(bao)、和(he)(he)諧、可持續”，導(dao)致(zhi)施工(gong)(gong)現場(chang)與周邊環境的(de)(de)矛(mao)盾日益凸顯尖銳，水污(wu)染(ran)、建筑(zhu)垃圾污(wu)染(ran)、粉塵污(wu)染(ran)、大氣污(wu)染(ran)、噪聲(sheng)污(wu)染(ran)、光污(wu)染(ran)等(deng)破壞環境的(de)(de)現象(xiang)突出。導(dao)致(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)正常(chang)施工(gong)(gong)受到影響(xiang)或(huo)需要額外的(de)(de)增(zeng)加治理費用(yong)，常(chang)見如：施工(gong)(gong)帶來的(de)(de)噪聲(sheng)污(wu)染(ran)招致(zhi)周邊居民的(de)(de)反感(gan)乃至(zhi)投訴、索(suo)賠，及(ji)用(yong)于原材料與廢物運輸的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程車輛對(dui)正常(chang)交通環境、秩序形(xing)成(cheng)干擾等(deng)等(deng)，最(zui)終導(dao)致(zhi)影響(xiang)施工(gong)(gong)正常(chang)計(ji)劃直至(zhi)對(dui)企業(ye)造成(cheng)直接的(de)(de)經(jing)濟損(sun)失和(he)(he)形(xing)象(xiang)損(sun)失。

　　3、現場規劃及管(guan)理(li)程序混亂(luan)水平低下(xia)導致工程施工效益不高。此(ci)類問題主要(yao)表現為(wei)：

　　1)施工(gong)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)重復維(wei)修、建材原(yuan)料質量(liang)損(sun)耗超標等為代表的資源(yuan)浪費(fei)行(xing)為。施工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)多依照傳統(tong)(tong)管理(li)(li)理(li)(li)念，將對工(gong)程器械的設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)管理(li)(li)簡單歸結為設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)使(shi)(shi)用、維(wei)修、更(geng)新，并沒(mei)有建立起完整的設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)管理(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)合理(li)(li)規劃(hua)分析(xi)出最經濟使(shi)(shi)用成(cheng)本，適(shi)時進行(xing)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的更(geng)新換(huan)代工(gong)作(zuo)或租(zu)賃(lin)等;

　　2)水泥等(deng)(deng)原材(cai)料(liao)的(de)管理(li)不(bu)當，簡單露天堆(dui)放在施工現場，受雨水、陽(yang)光(guang)暴曬(shai)等(deng)(deng)自然條件影響(xiang)，建材(cai)質量(liang)、強(qiang)度受到損耗，直接影響(xiang)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)可用(yong)(yong)性甚至(zhi)整體工程(cheng)的(de)質量(liang)。對用(yong)(yong)于建材(cai)的(de)合理(li)批(pi)次(ci)采購、堆(dui)放、及(ji)工程(cheng)車輛、設備的(de)停(堆(dui))放空間的(de)規劃意識淡薄(bo)，造成(cheng)空間利用(yong)(yong)率不(bu)高，二次(ci)轉(zhuan)運、看管、維護(hu)等(deng)(deng)費用(yong)(yong)支出(chu)過大(da)，影響(xiang)企(qi)業的(de)運營效益(yi)。

　　4、建筑工人的技術水平較低

　　建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)人的技術(shu)水(shui)平日益(yi)下降(jiang)是(shi)困擾施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)質量(liang)的一大(da)問題。建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)人的技術(shu)水(shui)平高低在很大(da)程度上影響著建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)，因(yin)此(ci)，相(xiang)關建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程承(cheng)(cheng)包商(shang)(shang)要注重對建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)人技術(shu)的培訓、考核，并選拔出(chu)技術(shu)水(shui)平較高的職員進行表(biao)彰(zhang)宣傳(chuan)。但是(shi)，目前很多建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)承(cheng)(cheng)包商(shang)(shang)為(wei)了獲得最大(da)的利益(yi)，選用(yong)一些技術(shu)水(shui)平較低的工(gong)(gong)人進行施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，甚至選用(yong)沒有(you)任何建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)經驗的廉價(jia)農(nong)民(min)工(gong)(gong)，這些都不利于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術(shu)質量(liang)的保證(zheng)與控制以及企業的品牌(pai)建立。

　　5、部分施(shi)工企業安全意識淡薄

　　在施工過程中，對于安全方面的認識和成本投入總是不夠重視，對職工的安全教育走過場，敷衍了事，相關部門做過統計與分析，合理有效的安全投入和產生經濟效益比是1:4，所以施工企業一定要重視安全費用的投入，對工程要做科學仔細的安全隱患分析，制定切實有效的預防方案措施，確保安全生產，以免一旦出了安全事故企業不僅遭受較大經濟損失，還要遭受社會信譽損失，和政府等部門的處罰。