有的勞務公司認為，試(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)間(jian)的(de)(de)人(ren)員(yuan)不(bu)屬于企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)正(zheng)式員(yuan)工(gong)，因(yin)此(ci)不(bu)給(gei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)員(yuan)繳納(na)社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)，這種認識是錯誤的(de)(de)。實際上，勞(lao)(lao)動關系(xi)一(yi)經建立，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位就(jiu)應(ying)當依法為勞(lao)(lao)動者(zhe)繳納(na)社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)并非獨(du)立于勞(lao)(lao)動關系(xi)之外的(de)(de)“特殊期(qi)”，試(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)包含在(zai)勞(lao)(lao)動合同期(qi)限內(nei)。因(yin)此(ci)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)內(nei)就(jiu)應(ying)當為勞(lao)(lao)動者(zhe)繳納(na)社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)，否則將面臨諸多法律風險(xian)。比如，勞(lao)(lao)動者(zhe)在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)間(jian)發生工(gong)傷(shang)、非因(yin)工(gong)負傷(shang)或(huo)者(zhe)疾病時(shi)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)單位未給(gei)勞(lao)(lao)動者(zhe)交納(na)社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)的(de)(de)，將承擔(dan)更(geng)大的(de)(de)賠償責任，并且會(hui)受到(dao)行政處罰。

1、用人單位是否有義務為試用期間的員工繳納社會保險費用?

2010年3月(yue)19日(ri)，高(gao)(gao)先生(sheng)被某裝飾工(gong)程(cheng)公(gong)司(si)(si)聘用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)擔任設計師。該(gai)(gai)公(gong)司(si)(si)通知(zhi)高(gao)(gao)先生(sheng)3月(yue)20日(ri)上(shang)班，同時告知(zhi)他(ta)試用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期為3個月(yue)，試用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期合(he)格后雙(shuang)方簽訂勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同，公(gong)司(si)(si)將為其辦(ban)(ban)理(li)社(she)會(hui)保(bao)險(xian)。高(gao)(gao)先生(sheng)工(gong)作(zuo)兩個月(yue)后，發現該(gai)(gai)公(gong)司(si)(si)對包括高(gao)(gao)先生(sheng)本人(ren)在內的10名試用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期間的員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)均沒有(you)簽訂勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同，也沒有(you)繳納社(she)會(hui)保(bao)險(xian)。于(yu)是高(gao)(gao)先生(sheng)匿(ni)名向(xiang)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)保(bao)障監(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)舉(ju)報(bao)。勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)保(bao)障監(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)受理(li)該(gai)(gai)舉(ju)報(bao)后，及時向(xiang)該(gai)(gai)公(gong)司(si)(si)調(diao)查了解情況，發現舉(ju)報(bao)人(ren)反(fan)映的情況基本屬實。依據調(diao)查事實，勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)保(bao)障監(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)依法(fa)向(xiang)該(gai)(gai)公(gong)司(si)(si)下達了《限期改正(zheng)指令書》，責(ze)令該(gai)(gai)公(gong)司(si)(si)在7日(ri)內與該(gai)(gai)10名員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)補簽勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同，并(bing)為他(ta)們補辦(ban)(ban)社(she)會(hui)保(bao)險(xian)。3天后該(gai)(gai)公(gong)司(si)(si)就(jiu)與10名試用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期間的員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)簽訂了勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同，并(bing)為他(ta)們補辦(ban)(ban)了社(she)會(hui)保(bao)險(xian)。

案例點(dian)評：根據《勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)法(fa)(fa)》和《社會(hui)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)法(fa)(fa)》的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人單位和勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)都必須依(yi)法(fa)(fa)參加社會(hui)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)，繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)納(na)社會(hui)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)費(fei)。《勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)法(fa)(fa)》第一百條明確規定(ding)：“用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人單位無故不繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)納(na)社會(hui)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)費(fei)的(de)(de)(de)，由(you)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)行政部門責令其限期(qi)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)納(na)，逾期(qi)不繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)納(na)的(de)(de)(de)，可以加收滯納(na)金(jin)”。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人單位只要與勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)建立了正常、合法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)關系(xi)，就應當依(yi)法(fa)(fa)繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)納(na)社會(hui)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)費(fei)。試用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)包(bao)括在勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)期(qi)限中，同(tong)樣(yang)屬(shu)于勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)關系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)存續期(qi)，因此(ci)，該(gai)公司有義務為包(bao)括高先生在內的(de)(de)(de)10名試用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)間的(de)(de)(de)員工補繳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)試用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)內的(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

2、勞動者在試用期內解除勞動合同的相關法律規定

根據《勞動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)法》的(de)(de)規定，勞動(dong)(dong)者在試(shi)用(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)內(nei)提前三(san)天(tian)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位(wei)，可以解除勞動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)。這一規定與較(jiao)早的(de)(de)《勞動(dong)(dong)法》關于試(shi)用(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)內(nei)勞動(dong)(dong)者可以隨時通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位(wei)解除勞動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)的(de)(de)規定相比較(jiao)有了一些限制性變化，即勞動(dong)(dong)者在試(shi)用(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)內(nei)解除勞動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)，應當依法履行提前通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)的(de)(de)義務。

《勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)法》關于勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者在試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)內提前三天通(tong)知用(yong)人(ren)單位解除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)的規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)表明，法律賦(fu)予(yu)了勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者在試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)內行使解除權是無(wu)理(li)由、無(wu)條(tiao)件的，用(yong)人(ren)單位在勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)中約(yue)定(ding)(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者在試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)內解除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)應當承(cheng)擔(dan)違(wei)(wei)約(yue)責(ze)任(ren)的條(tiao)款是無(wu)效的。同(tong)時，《勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)法》還(huan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者承(cheng)擔(dan)違(wei)(wei)約(yue)責(ze)任(ren)僅限于兩(liang)種情形，即：違(wei)(wei)反(fan)服務期(qi)約(yue)定(ding)(ding)和競業限制約(yue)定(ding)(ding)。

另外(wai)，根(gen)據《勞(lao)(lao)動部辦公廳關于(yu)試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)內解除勞(lao)(lao)動合同處(chu)理依據問題的(de)(de)復函(han)》的(de)(de)規定，用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)出資對職(zhi)工進行各類技(ji)術培訓(xun)，職(zhi)工提出與單(dan)位(wei)(wei)解除勞(lao)(lao)動關系的(de)(de)，如果在(zai)(zai)試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)內，則用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)不得要求勞(lao)(lao)動者支付(fu)該(gai)項培訓(xun)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)。所以(yi)，勞(lao)(lao)動者在(zai)(zai)試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)內解除勞(lao)(lao)動合同的(de)(de)，無(wu)須向用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)支付(fu)培訓(xun)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)，即使勞(lao)(lao)動合同中有約定的(de)(de)，該(gai)約定也(ye)無(wu)效。