建筑勞(lao)務工(gong)人(ren)(ren)權益(yi)的(de)最大(da)保障是能夠(gou)得到(dao)法(fa)律的(de)保護;2008年(nian)1月月1日(ri)(ri)《中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)共(gong)和(he)國(guo)勞(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)法(fa)》(以(yi)下簡(jian)稱《勞(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)法(fa)》正式施(shi)行,為貫徹落實(shi)《勞(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)法(fa)》,2008年(nian)9月8日(ri)(ri),《中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)共(gong)和(he)國(guo)勞(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)法(fa)實(shi)施(shi)條例》(以(yi)下簡(jian)稱《實(shi)施(shi)條例》)正式頒布,對《勞(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)法(fa)》的(de)條款作了(le)進(jin)一(yi)步詳細的(de)規定。《勞(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)法(fa)》中(zhong)的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)者是指(zhi)全體公民(min)(min)(min),農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)工(gong)當(dang)然也不例外。農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)工(gong)進(jin)城務工(gong)只要與(yu)用人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)建立了(le)勞(lao)動(dong)關系,用人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)就(jiu)應依據《勞(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)法(fa)》與(yu)農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)工(gong)簽訂勞(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)。

　　一、勞動(dong)合同的(de)簽訂

 　　任何(he)單位(wei)在(zai)用工(gong)時,必須(xu)和(he)勞(lao)動者簽訂(ding)勞(lao)動合(he)同《勞(lao)動合(he)同法》第(di)七條(tiao)用人(ren)單位(wei)自用王之日起即與勞(lao)動者建(jian)立勞(lao)動關系。用人(ren)單位(wei)應當(dang)建(jian)立職工(gong)名冊備查(cha)。

　　第(di)十條(tiao)建(jian)立(li)(li)勞(lao)動(dong)關系,應(ying)當訂立(li)(li)書(shu)面勞(lao)動(dong)合同。已建(jian)立(li)(li)勞(lao)動(dong)關系,未同時訂立(li)(li)書(shu)面勞(lao)動(dong)合同的,應(ying)當自用工之日起一個月內(nei)訂立(li)(li)書(shu)面勞(lao)動(dong)合同

　　用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)與(yu)(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者在用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)前訂(ding)(ding)立(li)(li)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)的(de)(de),勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)系自用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)之(zhi)日(ri)起(qi)建立(li)(li)《勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)法》同(tong)時(shi)還規定如用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)自用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)之(zhi)日(ri)起(qi)超過一個月(yue)(yue)不滿年未與(yu)(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者訂(ding)(ding)立(li)(li)書面(mian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)的(de)(de),應當(dang)向(xiang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者每月(yue)(yue)支付(fu)(fu)二倍的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)資。但(dan)實(shi)踐中(zhong)出現部分勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者在用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)要求簽訂(ding)(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)時(shi)借故(gu)不簽訂(ding)(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)想獲取(qu)雙倍工(gong)(gong)資的(de)(de)現象(xiang)。對此《實(shi)施條例》第五(wu)條有了(le)明(ming)確規定:自用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)之(zhi)日(ri)起(qi)一個月(yue)(yue)內,經(jing)(jing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)書面(mian)通(tong)知后(hou),勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者不與(yu)(yu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)訂(ding)(ding)立(li)(li)書面(mian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)的(de)(de),用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)應當(dang)書面(mian)通(tong)知勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者終止勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)系,無需向(xiang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者支付(fu)(fu)經(jing)(jing)濟補償,但(dan)是應當(dang)依法向(xiang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者支付(fu)(fu)其實(shi)際工(gong)(gong)作時(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)報酬。

　　二、簽訂(ding)勞動合同方式(shi)

 　　勞(lao)動者(zhe)與用人單位(wei)簽訂(ding)(ding)(ding)勞(lao)動合(he)同(tong)主(zhu)要有三(san)種方式:一是(shi)個(ge)人直接(jie)與用人單位(wei)簽訂(ding)(ding)(ding)合(he)同(tong);二是(shi)以集體的(de)方式簽訂(ding)(ding)(ding)合(he)同(tong);三(san)是(shi)以勞(lao)務(wu)派遣的(de)方式簽訂(ding)(ding)(ding)合(he)同(tong)。勞(lao)動合(he)同(tong)又分(fen)為固定(ding)期限勞(lao)動合(he)同(tong)、無固定(ding)期限勞(lao)動合(he)同(tong)和(he)以完成(cheng)一定(ding)工作任務(wu)為期限的(de)勞(lao)動合(he)同(tong)

　　三、簽訂勞動合同應(ying)遵循(xun)的原則

　　《勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同法》第三(san)條規定:訂立勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同,應當遵循合(he)(he)法、公平(ping)、平(ping)等自(zi)愿、協商(shang)致、誠實信用的原(yuan)則(ze)依(yi)法訂立的勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同具有約束力,用人單位與勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)應當履行勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同約定的義務(wu)。

　　四、勞動(dong)合同應當具(ju)備以(yi)下條款：

　　(一)用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)的名稱、住所和法定代表人(ren)或者主要負責人(ren)。

　　(二(er))勞動者的姓名住址和居民身(shen)份(fen)證(zheng)或(huo)者其(qi)他(ta)有效(xiao)身(shen)份(fen)證(zheng)件號碼。

　　(三(san))勞動(dong)合同期限。

　　(四)工(gong)作內(nei)容和工(gong)作地點(dian)。

　　(五)工作時間和休息(xi)休假(jia)。

　　(六)勞(lao)動(dong)報酬。

　　(七(qi))社會保險。

　　(八)勞(lao)動保(bao)護、勞(lao)動條(tiao)件和(he)職業危(wei)害防(fang)護。

　　(九)法律、法規規定應當納人(ren)勞動合同的(de)其他事項。

　　以上的條(tiao)(tiao)款是勞動(dong)(dong)合同法規定的必備條(tiao)(tiao)款,也就是說用(yong)人單(dan)位在和勞動(dong)(dong)者簽訂勞動(dong)(dong)合同時上述條(tiao)(tiao)款必須具備,不得選擇(ze)性的使用(yong)部分條(tiao)(tiao)款。除必備條(tiao)(tiao)款,用(yong)人單(dan)位與勞動(dong)(dong)者可以約定試用(yong)期(qi)、培(pei)訓、保守秘密、補充保險和福(fu)利待遇(yu)等(deng)其他事(shi)項(xiang)。

　　五、簽訂勞(lao)動合同時應(ying)重(zhong)點注意的事項

　　(一)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位無權(quan)扣押(ya)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)身(shen)份(fen)證或(huo)其(qi)(qi)他證件(jian)。《勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同法》第九條規定(ding):用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位招用(yong)(yong)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不得(de)扣押(ya)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)居(ju)民身(shen)份(fen)證和其(qi)(qi)他證件(jian),不得(de)要求勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)提供(gong)擔保或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)其(qi)(qi)他名義(yi)向勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)收取財物。

　　(二)用于試用期

　　1.用人單位不(bu)得(de)隨意設定試用期

　　《勞動(dong)合同(tong)法》第(di)十(shi)九條規定:勞動(dong)合同(tong)期限三個(ge)(ge)月(yue)以上不(bu)滿年(nian)的(de),試(shi)用期不(bu)得(de)超(chao)過(guo)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)月(yue);勞動(dong)合同(tong)期限一(yi)年(nian)以上不(bu)滿三年(nian)的(de),試(shi)用期不(bu)得(de)超(chao)過(guo)兩個(ge)(ge)月(yue);三年(nian)以上固定期和無固定期限的(de)勞動(dong)合同(tong),試(shi)用期不(bu)得(de)超(chao)過(guo)六個(ge)(ge)月(yue)。

　　同一用(yong)人單位與(yu)同一勞動(dong)者只(zhi)能約定(ding)一次試用(yong)期(qi)以完成一定(ding)工作(zuo)任務為期(qi)限(xian)(xian)的勞動(dong)合(he)同或者勞動(dong)合(he)同期(qi)限(xian)(xian)不滿三個月的,不得約定(ding)試用(yong)期(qi)。

　　試(shi)(shi)用期包含在勞動合(he)同(tong)期限(xian)內。勞動合(he)同(tong)僅約定試(shi)(shi)用期的(de),試(shi)(shi)用期不成立(li),該(gai)期限(xian)為勞動合(he)同(tong)期限(xian)。

　　2.用單位不得隨意設定試期工(gong)資

　　關于試用期(qi)工資勞動合(he)同法和實施條例也有明確的規定。

　　《勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)法》第二十(shi)條:勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)在(zai)試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)的(de)工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不得(de)低于本(ben)單(dan)位(wei)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)崗位(wei)最(zui)低檔工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)或者(zhe)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)約(yue)定工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)百(bai)分之八十(shi),并不得(de)低于用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)所在(zai)地(di)(di)的(de)最(zui)低工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)標(biao)準。《實施條例(li)》第十(shi)五條:勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)在(zai)試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)的(de)工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不得(de)低于本(ben)單(dan)位(wei)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)崗位(wei)最(zui)低檔工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)80%或者(zhe)不得(de)低于勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)約(yue)定工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)80%,并不得(de)低于用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)所在(zai)地(di)(di)的(de)最(zui)低工資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)標(biao)準。

　　(三(san))關于勞動合同的變更

　　勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同簽(qian)訂后是可以(yi)(yi)(yi)變更的,但(dan)必須與(yu)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)協(xie)商致(zhi)才可以(yi)(yi)(yi)變更,用(yong)太(tai)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)不可以(yi)(yi)(yi)單(dan)(dan)方面修改或變更勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同。《勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同法》第三五條:用(yong)人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)與(yu)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)協(xie)商一(yi)致(zhi),可以(yi)(yi)(yi)變更勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同約定的內容。變更勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同,應當采用(yong)書面形式變更后的勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同文本由用(yong)人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)和勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)執一(yi)份。

　　(四)關于勞動合同的解除

　　勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)法(fa)》第(di)三十(shi)(shi)六三未七、三十(shi)(shi)八對(dui)(dui)三十(shi)(shi)九、四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)條(tiao)(tiao)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)解除勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的情形(xing),《實施條(tiao)(tiao)例》對(dui)(dui)勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)法(fa)相關的條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)進灬步明確(que)。《實施條(tiao)(tiao)例》第(di)十(shi)(shi)八條(tiao)(tiao):有下列(lie)情形(xing)之(zhi)一的,依照(zhao)勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)法(fa)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的條(tiao)(tiao)件、程(cheng)序,勞動(dong)者可(ke)以與用人單位解除固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)限(xian)勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)、無固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)限(xian)勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)或者以完成一定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)工作任務(wu)為期(qi)限(xian)的勞動(dong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。

　　1.勞動者與用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)協商(shang)一致的(de)。

　　2.勞動者提前30日以書面形式通(tong)知用人單位的。

　　3.勞(lao)動者在試用(yong)期內提前3日通(tong)知用(yong)人單位的(de)。染

　　4.用人單位未按照勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)同約定(ding)提供勞(lao)(lao)動保護(hu)或者勞(lao)(lao)動條件的(de)。

　　5:用人單位未及時(shi)足額支付勞動報酬的(de)

　　6.用人單位未依(yi)法為勞動(dong)者繳(jiao)納社會(hui)保險費的

　　7.用(yong)人單位(wei)的(de)規(gui)章(zhang)制(zhi)度違反法律(lv)法規(gui)的(de)規(gui)定,損(sun)害(hai)勞動者(zhe)權(quan)益(yi)的(de)。

　　8.用人(ren)(ren)單位以欺(qi)詐(zha)、脅迫的(de)手段或者乘人(ren)(ren)之危,使勞動者在違背(bei)真實意(yi)思的(de)情況下(xia)訂立或者變更勞動合(he)同(tong)的(de)。

　　9.用(yong)人單位在(zai)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同中免除自(zi)已的(de)法定責任(ren)、排除勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者權利的(de)。學

　　10.用人單(dan)位違反法(fa)律行(xing)政(zheng)法(fa)規強(qiang)制性規定的(de)。

　　11.用人單(dan)位以(yi)暴力、威脅或者非法(fa)限制人身自由(you)的手(shou)段強迫(po)勞動(dong)者勞動(dong)的。

　　12.用人(ren)單位違章指揮、強令冒險(xian)作業危及勞動者身安全的劍

 　　13·法律、行政(zheng)法規規定勞動者可以(yi)解(jie)除勞動合同的其他情(qing)形。