一、建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)資質(zhi)的(de)涵義(yi)

　　建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)：根據(ju)建(jian)(jian)設部發布的《建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)資(zi)質管(guan)理(li)規定(ding)》(建(jian)(jian)設部令第(di)159號)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)是指從事(shi)土木(mu)工(gong)程、建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程、線(xian)路管(guan)道設備安裝工(gong)程、裝修工(gong)程的新建(jian)(jian)、擴建(jian)(jian)、改建(jian)(jian)等活動的企(qi)業(ye)(ye)。

　　資質：本書(shu)是指企(qi)業(ye)從事施工(gong)的資格證(zheng)明。

　　《建筑業企業資質管理規定》就建筑業企業資質明確規定:建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)應(ying)當按照其擁有的(de)注冊資(zi)本、專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技術人員(yuan)、技術裝(zhuang)備(bei)和已完成的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程業(ye)(ye)(ye)績等條件申請(qing)資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)，經審(shen)查合格，取得企業(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)證書后(hou)，方可(ke)在資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)許可(ke)的(de)范圍內從事建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施工(gong)活動。形(xing)象地說(shuo)，企業(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)是建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)進人建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)市場的(de)“準人證”。

　　二(er)、建(jian)筑業企業的資質(zhi)類別(bie)和等(deng)級

　　建筑業(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)質分(fen)為施工總承(cheng)包、專業(ye)(ye)(ye)承(cheng)包和勞務(wu)分(fen)包三個序(xu)列。

　　(一(yi))施工總承包資質的企業

　　取得施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)總承(cheng)包(bao)資質的企業(ye)(ye)(簡稱(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)總承(cheng)包(bao)企業(ye)(ye))，可以承(cheng)接施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)總承(cheng)包(bao)工(gong)(gong)程。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)總承(cheng)包(bao)企業(ye)(ye)可以對所承(cheng)接的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)總承(cheng)包(bao)工(gong)(gong)程內(nei)各專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)程全部自行施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，也可以將(jiang)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)程或勞務作業(ye)(ye)依法分包(bao)給(gei)具(ju)有相應資質的專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)承(cheng)包(bao)企業(ye)(ye)或勞務分包(bao)企業(ye)(ye).

　　(二)專業(ye)承包(bao)資質(zhi)的企業(ye)

　　取得專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)承包(bao)(bao)資(zi)質的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(簡稱專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)承包(bao)(bao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye))，可(ke)以承接施工(gong)(gong)總承包(bao)(bao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)分包(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)程和建設單位(wei)依(yi)法發包(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)程。專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)承包(bao)(bao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)以對所承接的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)程全部(bu)自行施工(gong)(gong)，也可(ke)以將(jiang)勞務作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)依(yi)法分包(bao)(bao)給具有相(xiang)應資(zi)質的(de)(de)(de)勞務分包(bao)(bao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

　　(三)勞務分包資質企業

　　取得(de)勞(lao)務(wu)(wu)分包資質(zhi)的企(qi)(qi)業(簡稱勞(lao)務(wu)(wu)企(qi)(qi)業)，可以承接施工(gong)總承包企(qi)(qi)業或(huo)專業承包企(qi)(qi)業分包的勞(lao)務(wu)(wu)作業。

　　施工(gong)總承(cheng)包、專業(ye)承(cheng)包、勞務分包的資(zi)質(zhi)序列按照工(gong)程性質(zhi)和技(ji)術特點分別(bie)劃(hua)分為若干資(zi)質(zhi)類別(bie).各(ge)資(zi)質(zhi)類別(bie)按照規定的條件劃(hua)分為若千資(zi)質(zhi)等(deng)級，建筑(zhu)業(ye)企業(ye)資(zi)質(zhi)等(deng)級標(biao)準和各(ge)類別(bie)等(deng)級資(zi)質(zhi)企業(ye)承(cheng)擔工(gong)程的具(ju)體范圍，由(you)國務院建設主管部(bu)門會同國務院有(you)關部(bu)門制定。

　　三(san)、建(jian)筑業(ye)企業(ye)資(zi)質的(de)管理

　　建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)主管部(bu)(bu)門對建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)質(zhi)的(de)管理(li)(li)(li)十(shi)分重視(shi).進人(ren)(ren)21世紀后，伴(ban)隨(sui)我國建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑市(shi)(shi)場(chang)的(de)發展，為了(le)加(jia)強對建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑活動(dong)的(de)監督管理(li)(li)(li)，維護公共(gong)利(li)益(yi)和(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑市(shi)(shi)場(chang)秩序，保證建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工程質(zhi)量安全，建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)部(bu)(bu)根據《中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民共(gong)和(he)國建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑法》等法律、行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)法規(gui)，制訂了(le)《建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)質(zhi)管理(li)(li)(li)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)》(建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)部(bu)(bu)令(ling)(ling)第87號(hao))(以下(xia)簡稱《資(zi)質(zhi)管理(li)(li)(li)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)》建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)部(bu)(bu)87號(hao)令(ling)(ling))，于2001年4月(yue)(yue)18日(ri)發布(bu)，2001年7月(yue)(yue)1日(ri)起施行(xing)(xing)。進人(ren)(ren)國家(jia)“十(shi)一五”規(gui)劃期后，建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)部(bu)(bu)對《資(zi)質(zhi)管理(li)(li)(li)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)》進行(xing)(xing)了(le)修訂，于2007年6月(yue)(yue)26日(ri)發布(bu)了(le)修訂后的(de)《建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)質(zhi)管理(li)(li)(li)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)》(建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)部(bu)(bu)令(ling)(ling)第159號(hao))(以下(xia)簡稱《資(zi)質(zhi)管理(li)(li)(li)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)》建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)部(bu)(bu)159號(hao)令(ling)(ling))于2007年9月(yue)(yue)1日(ri)起施行(xing)(xing)。