勞務分包合(he)同違(wei)約法律分析

　　1.勞(lao)務作業發(fa)包(bao)人拒絕或遲廷支付合(he)同價款

　　根據勞務(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)包(bao)人拒絕或(huo)遲(chi)延(yan)(yan)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)合(he)同(tong)(tong)價(jia)款(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de)原因(yin)的(de)(de)不同(tong)(tong)，可(ke)以把(ba)拒絕或(huo)遲(chi)延(yan)(yan)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)合(he)同(tong)(tong)價(jia)款(kuan)(kuan)分為(wei)勞務(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人原因(yin)導致(zhi)的(de)(de)拒絕或(huo)遲(chi)延(yan)(yan)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)和勞務(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)包(bao)人原因(yin)導致(zhi)的(de)(de)拒絕或(huo)遲(chi)延(yan)(yan)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)。前者(zhe)如勞務(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人未(wei)完成當月的(de)(de)工(gong)程進度計劃或(huo)不接受總承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)單位(wei)的(de)(de)安全施(shi)工(gong)管理等導致(zhi)勞務(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)包(bao)人拒絕或(huo)遲(chi)延(yan)(yan)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)工(gong)程款(kuan)(kuan);后者(zhe)如勞務(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)包(bao)人工(gong)程款(kuan)(kuan)不到位(wei)無(wu)法(fa)向勞務(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)合(he)同(tong)(tong)價(jia)款(kuan)(kuan)。

　　《合同法(fa)》第六十七(qi)條(tiao)規(gui)定(ding):“當事人(ren)(ren)(ren)互負(fu)債務(wu)(wu)(wu)，有(you)先(xian)后(hou)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)順序，先(xian)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)未(wei)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的.后(hou)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)有(you)權拒(ju)絕其(qi)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)要(yao)求(qiu)。先(xian)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)債務(wu)(wu)(wu)不符合約(yue)定(ding)的，后(hou)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)有(you)權拒(ju)絕其(qi)相應的履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)要(yao)求(qiu)。”本(ben)條(tiao)是關于先(xian)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)抗(kang)辯權的規(gui)定(ding)。根據該(gai)法(fa)律規(gui)定(ding)，在因(yin)勞(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)業承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)原因(yin)導致的拒(ju)絕或遲(chi)延(yan)支付的情況(kuang)下，勞(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)業承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)違約(yue)在先(xian)，勞(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)業發包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)權拒(ju)絕或遲(chi)延(yan)支付合同價款且無須因(yin)此向勞(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)業承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)承(cheng)(cheng)擔違約(yue)責任，而勞(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)業承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)須就其(qi)違約(yue)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為向勞(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)業發包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)承(cheng)(cheng)擔相應的違約(yue)責任。

　　相反，重慶勞務分包根據合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)嚴守原則，如果勞務(wu)(wu)作業(ye)承包(bao)人按合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)約定(ding)適當履(lv)行(xing)(xing)了相應(ying)(ying)的合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)義務(wu)(wu)，勞務(wu)(wu)作業(ye)發包(bao)人應(ying)(ying)嚴格按合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)約定(ding)履(lv)行(xing)(xing)付款(kuan)義務(wu)(wu)。所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)因(yin)勞務(wu)(wu)作業(ye)發包(bao)人自(zi)身原因(yin)導致的拒絕(jue)或遲延支付合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)價款(kuan)的情(qing)況下，勞務(wu)(wu)作業(ye)發包(bao)人須向勞務(wu)(wu)作業(ye)承包(bao)人承擔拒絕(jue)或遲延支付的違(wei)約責任。

　　一般情況下，勞務分包(bao)(bao)合同雙方(fang)會在(zai)合同中明確約(yue)(yue)定遲(chi)延支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)合同價款的(de)違約(yue)(yue)責任;如果(guo)合同中沒有約(yue)(yue)定或約(yue)(yue)定不明，勞務作(zuo)業發(fa)(fa)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)即應(ying)按(an)《合同法》及《司法解釋》的(de)規定承擔違約(yue)(yue)責任。勞務作(zuo)業發(fa)(fa)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)無正當理(li)由遲(chi)延支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)工程款的(de)法律(lv)后果(guo)主要包(bao)(bao)括:

　　(1)勞務作業(ye)發(fa)包人應根據合同(tong)約(yue)定(ding)(ding)或(huo)法(fa)律規定(ding)(ding)支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)遲延(yan)支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)合同(tong)價款(kuan)(kuan)的(de)違約(yue)金或(huo)利息。《司法(fa)解釋(shi)(shi)》第(di)十七條規定(ding)(ding):當事(shi)人對欠付(fu)(fu)工(gong)程(cheng)價款(kuan)(kuan)利息計(ji)付(fu)(fu)標準有約(yue)定(ding)(ding)的(de)，按照約(yue)定(ding)(ding)處理;沒有約(yue)定(ding)(ding)的(de)，按照中國人民銀(yin)行發(fa)布的(de)同(tong)期同(tong)類貸款(kuan)(kuan)利率計(ji)息。《司法(fa)解釋(shi)(shi)》第(di)十八條規定(ding)(ding):利息從應付(fu)(fu)工(gong)程(cheng)價款(kuan)(kuan)之日計(ji)付(fu)(fu).當事(shi)人對付(fu)(fu)款(kuan)(kuan)時間(jian)沒有約(yue)定(ding)(ding)或(huo)者約(yue)定(ding)(ding)不萌的(de)，下列時間(jian)視(shi)為應付(fu)(fu)款(kuan)(kuan)時間(jian):(一)建設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)已實際交付(fu)(fu)的(de)，為交付(fu)(fu)之日;(二)建設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)沒有交付(fu)(fu)的(de)。為提交竣(jun)工(gong)結算文件(jian)之日，(三)建設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)未交付(fu)(fu)，工(gong)程(cheng)價款(kuan)(kuan)也未結算的(de)，為當事(shi)人起訴(su)之日。

　　(2)勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業承包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)權(quan)停(ting)工(gong)(gong)，并有(you)權(quan)要求(qiu)(qiu)勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)支付因停(ting)工(gong)(gong)、窩(wo)工(gong)(gong)造成(cheng)的損(sun)失，同時工(gong)(gong)期順延。《合同法》第(di)二百八十(shi)三條規定(ding):“發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)未按照約(yue)(yue)定(ding)的時間和要求(qiu)(qiu)提(ti)供原(yuan)材料(liao)、設備、場地、資金(jin)、技術資料(liao)的，承包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)可(ke)以順延工(gong)(gong)程日期，并有(you)權(quan)要求(qiu)(qiu)賠(pei)償停(ting)工(gong)(gong)、窩(wo)工(gong)(gong)等損(sun)失。”需要注意的是(shi)，如果勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)按合同約(yue)(yue)定(ding)支付的違約(yue)(yue)金(jin)或利(li)息已經(jing)足以彌補勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業承包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)停(ting)工(gong)(gong)窩(wo)工(gong)(gong)的損(sun)失，則勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業承包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不能要求(qiu)(qiu)勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在支付違約(yue)(yue)金(jin)或利(li)息的同時再賠(pei)償停(ting)工(gong)(gong)窩(wo)工(gong)(gong)損(sun)失。

　　(3)勞務作業發包(bao)人(ren)(ren)承擔因此導致的(de)合同(tong)解除的(de)法(fa)律責任。《司法(fa)解釋》第(di)九條(tiao)規定:“發包(bao)人(ren)(ren)具(ju)有下列情形之一，致使承包(bao)人(ren)(ren)無法(fa)施工(gong)，且在催(cui)告的(de)合理(li)期限內仍未履行(xing)相應義(yi)務，承包(bao)人(ren)(ren)請求解除建(jian)設工(gong)程施工(gong)合同(tong)的(de)，應予支持(chi):(一)未按約定支付工(gong)程價款的(de);

　　(二)提供的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)建筑材料、建筑構配件(jian)和設備不符(fu)合強制性(xing)標準的(de)。

　　(4)勞(lao)(lao)務作業承包(bao)人(ren)有權要求對建設工(gong)程(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)優(you)先受(shou)償.《合同(tong)法(fa)》第二(er)百八十六條規定(ding):“發(fa)(fa)包(bao)人(ren)未按(an)照(zhao)約定(ding)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)價(jia)款的(de)(de)，承包(bao)人(ren)可(ke)以(yi)催告發(fa)(fa)包(bao)人(ren)在合理(li)期限內支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)價(jia)款。發(fa)(fa)包(bao)人(ren)逾期不支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)，除(chu)按(an)照(zhao)建設工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)性質不宜折(zhe)價(jia)、拍賣(mai)的(de)(de)以(yi)外(wai)，承包(bao)人(ren)可(ke)以(yi)與發(fa)(fa)包(bao)人(ren)協議將該工(gong)程(cheng)折(zhe)價(jia)，也可(ke)以(yi)申(shen)請人(ren)民法(fa)院將該工(gong)程(cheng)依法(fa)拍賣(mai)。建設工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)價(jia)款就該工(gong)程(cheng)折(zhe)價(jia)或(huo)者拍賣(mai)的(de)(de)價(jia)款優(you)先受(shou)償.”據此，勞(lao)(lao)務作業承包(bao)人(ren)在要求支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)應(ying)付(fu)(fu)結算款未果的(de)(de)情

　　況(kuang)下依法(fa)就該建設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)享有優(you)(you)(you)先(xian)受(shou)償(chang)權(quan);但勞(lao)務作業(ye)承(cheng)包人(ren)(ren)在主張優(you)(you)(you)先(xian)受(shou)償(chang)權(quan)時須符合《最高人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)院關于建設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)價款(kuan)(kuan)優(you)(you)(you)先(xian)受(shou)償(chang)權(quan)問題的(de)批復》規定的(de)限制性條件，即優(you)(you)(you)先(xian)受(shou)權(quan)的(de)行使(shi)須自竣工(gong)(gong)之日起(qi)或自合同約(yue)定的(de)竣工(gong)(gong)之日起(qi)六個月內行使(shi)，且不得(de)對抗已支付全部(bu)或部(bu)分房(fang)價款(kuan)(kuan)的(de)買房(fang)人(ren)(ren)。

　　2.勞(lao)務(wu)作業質t不合格:

　　提供質(zhi)量(liang)合(he)(he)(he)格的(de)勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)是勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)承(cheng)包人(ren)(ren)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)義務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu).勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)質(zhi)量(liang)不(bu)合(he)(he)(he)格，勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)承(cheng)包人(ren)(ren)須(xu)根據合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)約(yue)(yue)定(ding)(ding)或(huo)法(fa)律規定(ding)(ding)向勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)發包人(ren)(ren)承(cheng)擔違(wei)約(yue)(yue)責(ze)任。通常情況(kuang)下(xia)，勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分包合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)雙(shuang)方(fang)會在合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)中約(yue)(yue)定(ding)(ding)勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)質(zhi)量(liang)不(bu)合(he)(he)(he)格的(de)違(wei)約(yue)(yue)責(ze)任;如果雙(shuang)方(fang)在合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)中沒有約(yue)(yue)定(ding)(ding)或(huo)約(yue)(yue)定(ding)(ding)不(bu)明，則合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)雙(shuang)方(fang)應按《合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)法(fa)》第(di)二百八(ba)十(shi)一條的(de)規定(ding)(ding)承(cheng)擔違(wei)約(yue)(yue)責(ze)任。《合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)法(fa)》第(di)二百八(ba)十(shi)一條規定(ding)(ding):“因施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)原因致使建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)不(bu)符合(he)(he)(he)約(yue)(yue)定(ding)(ding)的(de)，發包人(ren)(ren)有權(quan)要(yao)求施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)在合(he)(he)(he)理期限內無償修理或(huo)者(zhe)返工(gong)(gong)、改建(jian)(jian)。經過修理或(huo)者(zhe)返工(gong)(gong)、改建(jian)(jian)后，造成逾期交(jiao)付的(de)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)應當承(cheng)擔違(wei)約(yue)(yue)責(ze)任。”

　　其(qi)次，《建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)條(tiao)例(li)》第二十七條(tiao)規(gui)定:“總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)依法(fa)將(jiang)建(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)給其(qi)他單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)應當按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)合(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)約定對(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)向(xiang)總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)負貴(gui)，總(zong)(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)與分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)對(dui)(dui)(dui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)連帶(dai)責(ze)任(ren).”《房屋建(jian)筑和市政(zheng)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)理(li)辦法(fa)》第十六(liu)條(tiao)規(gui)定:“分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)應當按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)合(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)約定對(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)向(xiang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)負責(ze)。分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)和分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)就分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)對(dui)(dui)(dui)建(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)連帶(dai)責(ze)任(ren).”根據(ju)上述規(gui)定，如果勞務作(zuo)業質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)不合(he)格，不僅(jin)勞務作(zuo)業發(fa)(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)有權要(yao)求勞務作(zuo)業承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)違(wei)約責(ze)任(ren)，而(er)且建(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)亦(yi)有權要(yao)求勞務作(zuo)業承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)責(ze)任(ren)。

　　再(zai)次，《合同(tong)法》第二百(bai)八十二條規定(ding)(ding):“因承(cheng)包人(ren)的(de)原因致(zhi)(zhi)使建設工(gong)程在合理便(bian)用期(qi)限內(nei)(nei)造成人(ren)身(shen)(shen)和財產損害的(de)，承(cheng)包人(ren)應當承(cheng)擔損害賠(pei)償貴任。”根(gen)據(ju)上述規定(ding)(ding)，如果勞務作業質量不合格導致(zhi)(zhi)建設工(gong)程在合理使用期(qi)內(nei)(nei)造成人(ren)身(shen)(shen)和財產損害的(de)，勞務作業承(cheng)包人(ren)還應當承(cheng)擔損害賠(pei)償責任。